What is understood by the term «Contemporary Art» Does it describe
a category defined by time (the art of today) or an aesthetic category (a certain type of
art) According to the law, the definition of the expression is strictly chronological and
therefore in perpetual evolution. It means works of living artists, or, if they are dead,
works which are at the most twenty years old. In the eyes of art historians and
auctioneers, the chronological order is of primary importance but only concerning art
produced after 1945. Museum curators, on the other hand, accept art both in
chronological and aesthetic categories, as the term is meant to be «a global one,
limiting modern art to the year 1960 and situating contemporary art from 1960 to the
present time». Stakes are high when defining art. Classifying a work as contemporary may
mean its acceptance or its rejection. There again the context is important. Within the art
world, a young artists production is quite often welcomed as «highly
contemporary» or refused as being «not at all contemporary». On the other hand, the
term may be an expression of disapproval in the mouths of people when referring to a type
of production they object to.
Nathalie
Heinich. 1998. Le triple jeu de lart contemporain. Paris: Minuit, p. 10.
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John
M. Armleder. 1986. Furniture Sculpture 106. (en quatre parties). Acrylique et
laque-émail sur toile, coiffeuse. 215 x 305 x 43 cm; 2: 122 x 91,4 cm; 167,6 x 109,2
cm. Prêt de lartiste.
Né en 1948, John M. Armleder habite et travaille à Genève. Depuis 20 ans, il
explore lart du XXe siècle dans ce quil a de plus radical:
labstraction géométrique (et même parfois informelle) ou le ready made. Mais il
le fait avec une distance qui transforme chaque fois linfluence en nouveauté.
> Mansa et Sukko.
Dessins encadrés. 76 x 54 cm et 73 x 56 cm.
Hill Korwa. Inde centrale. Coll. F. A. Jamme. Les Korwa ne lisent ni
nécrivent mais prennent le plus grand plaisir à tracer des signes sur les grandes
feuilles de papier qui leur sont proposées.
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What museum curators call «contemporary art» is the very art which
makes them so completely alter their role and their ways of working, because of the nature
of its materials and procedures. Later we shall see the difficulties they encounter to
exhibit, preserve and even restore works and we shall appreciate the challenge imposed
on common sense and on what is considered right and proper.
The first exhibition taking into account this new situation was When attitudes become
form at the Kunsthalle in Berne in 1969, which is nowadays considered as historical.
From the beginning, its organizer Harald Szeemann had been aware of the consequences of
these new attitudes, this new form of art, for him and his colleagues. Once he said:
«When meeting de Wilde, Petersen or Beeren from Amsterdam, or Hulten from Stockholm, we
just thought: "What a shitty job". We became everybodys scapegoat. When
Beuys spread his margarine on the floor, we were blamed and people said "Szeemann is
messing up the museum, and of course the tax payers money will be used to clean up
the filth".»
In less violent terms Jan Debbaut said that contemporary art is more likely to complicate
the life of a museum curator than the life of the public. And the definition of
contemporary art may perhaps be found in the relationship between works trying to impose a
form of existence only valid for themselves, and social structures which again and again
agree to create means to adapt to them.
Catherine
Millet. 1997. Lart contemporain. Paris: Flammarion, pp. 15-16.
Les artistes contemporains élaborent des travaux qui
de par leur nature (installations in situ, uvres éphémères et non domestiques)
les empêchent souvent de fonctionner efficacement dans le système marchand (comment
acheter une peinture destinée à sauto-détruire ? des uvres que
lartiste est allé voler dans la galerie voisine ? une exposition qui invite
tous les immigrés à venir fabriquer des armes à feu ? une performance où des
touristes japonais égarés jouent les rôles principaux ?). On trouve scandaleux
dattribuer un prix «officiel» à de tels artistes, par exemple le Prix fédéral
des beaux-arts. Trouverait-on moins scandaleux de leur préférer des artistes produisant
des uvres qui trouveront toujours une place de choix dans un cabinet de dentiste ou
un bureau de direction ?
Marc-Olivier
Wahler. 1999. «La truie est multipare», in: Marc-Olivier Gonseth, Jacques Hainard et
Roland Kaehr, éds. Lart cest lart. Neuchâtel: MEN,
pp. 154-156.
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Sherrie
Levine. 1994. After Van Gogh No. 3 et After Van Gogh
No. 5. Photographies. Prêt Galerie Art & Public, Genève.
Née en 1947 à Hazleton (Pennsylvanie), Sherrie Levine habite et travaille à New York.
Dès le début des années 1980, elle se fait connaître pour ses appropriations
(photographies, sculptures) duvres du XXe siècle, déconstruisant ainsi
la vision de lartiste comme auteur.
Cindy Sherman. 1993. Untitled No. 275.
Photographie 4/6. 159,1 x 222,9 cm. Prêt Galerie Art & Public,
Genève.
Née en 1954 à Glen Ridge (New Jersey), Cindy Sherman habite et travaille à New York. A
la fin des années 80, elle crée une série de grandes photographies couleur qui
parodient certains portraits réputés de la peinture européenne du XVe au
XIXe siècle.
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